Performance of GAAD and GALAD Biomarker Panels for HCC Detection in Patients with MASLD or ALD Cirrhosis.
Abstract
<b>Background:</b> Abdominal ultrasound is prone to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance failure, particularly in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) or alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), prompting growing interest in blood-based biomarkers as an alternative strategy. <b>Methods:</b> We conducted a case-control study evaluating two blood-based biomarker panels, GAAD and GALAD, for detection of early-stage HCC (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage 0 or A) in patients with MASLD or ALD cirrhosis. Blood specimens were collected within 6 months of HCC diagnosis (cases); controls were patients with cirrhosis but without HCC. GAAD and GALAD scores were measured using the Roche Elecsys platform, applying validated cutoffs of 2.57 and 2.47, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity were compared between the panels and versus ultrasound plus alpha fetoprotein (AFP) using McNemar's chi square test. <b>Results:</b> Of 152 patients (56.6% men), 46.7% had HCC (54.9% BCLC 0/A) and 53.3% had cirrhosis without HCC. GAAD and GALAD each achieved a sensitivity of 87.2% for early-stage HCC, with specificities of 69.1% and 67.9%, respectively. In paired analyses (n = 90), GAAD had higher sensitivity for any-stage HCC (89.5% vs. 68.4%, <i>p</i> = 0.046) but lower specificity (71.8% vs. 93.0%, <i>p</i> = 0.006) than ultrasound plus AFP. GAAD and GALAD demonstrated consistently higher sensitivity than ultrasound plus AFP across subgroups by age, sex, cirrhosis etiology, and Child Pugh class. <b>Conclusion:</b> In this case-control study of patients with non-viral cirrhosis, GAAD and GALAD demonstrated high sensitivity for early-stage HCC. These findings highlight the potential of blood-based biomarkers to improve HCC surveillance in contemporary populations.
EDRN PI Authors
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Medline Author List
- Al-Hasan M
- Bhamra G
- Deodhar S
- Gopal P
- Hoshida Y
- Jarrah M
- Kanwal F
- Quirk L
- Rich NE
- Sharma A
- Singal AG
- Terrell J