Aliases

• APC1 protein
• Cachectin
• DIF
• TNF
• TNF superfamily, member 2
• TNF, macrophage-derived
• TNF, monocyte-derived
• TNF-a
• TNF-alpha
• TNFA
• TNFSF2
• Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 2
• cachectin
• tumor necrosis factor
• tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2)
• tumor necrosis factor alpha
• tumor necrosis factor-alpha

Description

TNF (tumor necrosis factor) is a cytokine involved in many biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and coagulation. TNF belongs to the TNF superfamily. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. TNF binds to its receptors TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR, through which it functions. It is involved in cellular responses to stimuli such as cytokines and stress and plays a key role in regulating the immune response to infection. This cytokine is a pyrogen, causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia. TNF has been implicated in a variety of diseases, including autoimmune diseases, insulin resistance, and cancer. Knockout studies in mice also suggest this cytokine has a neuroprotective function. TNF is cleaved into two chains, tumor necrosis factor, membrane form and tumor necrosis factor, soluble form.

Attributes

QA State

Under Review

Type

Protein

HGNC Name

TNF